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Henri Lefebvre (; 16 June 1901 – 29 June 1991) was a French Marxist philosopher and sociologist, best known for pioneering the critique of everyday life, for introducing the concepts of the right to the city and the production of social space, and for his work on dialectics, alienation, and criticism of Stalinism, existentialism, and structuralism. In his prolific career, Lefebvre wrote more than sixty books and three hundred articles. ==Biography== Lefebvre was born in Hagetmau, Landes, France. He studied philosophy at the University of Paris (the Sorbonne), graduating in 1920. By 1924 he was working with Paul Nizan, Norbert Guterman, Georges Friedmann, Georges Politzer and Pierre Morhange in the ''Philosophies'' group seeking a "philosophical revolution".〔(Michel Trebitsch: Introduction to Critique of Everyday Life Vol 1 )〕 This brought them into contact with the Surrealists, Dadaists, and other groups, before they moved towards the French Communist Party (PCF). Lefebvre joined the PCF in 1928 and became one of the most prominent French Marxist Intellectuals during the second quarter of the 20th century, before joining the French resistance.〔Mark Poster, 1975, Existential Marxism in Postwar France: From Sartre to Althusser, Princeton University Press〕 From 1944 to 1949, he was the director of ''Radiodiffusion Française'', a French radio broadcaster in Toulouse. Among his works was a highly influential, anti-Stalinist, text on dialectics called ''Dialectical Materialism'' (1940). Seven years later, Lefebvre published his first volume of ''The Critique of Everyday Life'', which would later serve as a primary intellectual inspiration for the founding of COBRA and, eventually, of the Situationist International.〔(''October'' magazine interview with Lefebvre, 1983 )〕 His early work on method was applauded and borrowed centrally by Sartre in ''The Critique of Dialectical Reason'' (1960). During Lefebvre’s thirty-year stint with the PCF, he was chosen to publish critical attacks on opposed theorists, especially existentialists like Sartre and Lefebvre's former colleague Nizan,〔(Radical Philosophy obituary, Spring 1992 )〕 only to intentionally get himself expelled from the party for his own heterodox theoretical and political opinions in the late 1950s. Ironically, he then went from serving as a primary intellectual for the PCF to becoming one of France’s most important critics of the PCF’s politics (e.g. immediately, the lack of an opinion on Algeria, and more generally, the partial apologism for and continuation of Stalinism) and intellectual thought (i.e. Structuralism, especially the work of Louis Althusser).〔Henri Lefebvre and Leszek Kołakowski. ''Evolution or Revolution''; F. Elders (ed.), ''Reflexive Water: The Basic Concerns of Mankind'', London: Souvenir. pp. 199–267. ISBN 0-285-64742-3〕 In 1961, Lefebvre became professor of sociology at the University of Strasbourg, before joining the faculty at the new university at Nanterre in 1965.〔(Michel Trebitsch: preface to Critique of Everyday Life Vol 3, 1981 )〕 He was one of the most respected professors, and he had influenced and analysed the May 1968 student revolt.〔Vincent Cespedes, May 68, Philosophy is in the Street! (Larousse, Paris, 2008).〕 Lefebvre introduced the concept of the right to the city in his 1968 book ''Le Droit à la ville''〔(Mark Purcell, Excavating Lefebvre: The right to the city and its urban politics of the inhabitant ), GeoJournal 58: 99–108, 2002.〕〔("Right to the City" as a response to the crisis: "Convergence" or divergence of urban social movements? ), Knut Unger, ''Reclaiming Spaces''〕 (the publication of the book predates the May 1968 revolts which took place in many French cities). Following the publication of this book, Lefebvre wrote several influential works on cities, urbanism, and space, including ''The Production of Space'' (1974), which became one of the most influential and heavily cited works of urban theory. By the 1970s, Lefebvre had also published some of the first critical statements on the work of post-structuralists, especially Foucault.〔(Radical Philosophy obituary, 1991 )〕 During the following years he was involved in the editorial group of ''Arguments'', a New Left magazine which largely served to enable the French public to familiarize themselves with Central European revisionism.〔, p40〕 Lefebvre died in 1991. In his obituary, ''Radical Philosophy'' magazine honored his long and complex career and influence: :"the most prolific of French Marxist intellectuals, died during the night of 28–29 June 1991, less than a fortnight after his ninetieth birthday. During his long career, his work has gone in and out of fashion several times, and has influenced the development not only of philosophy but also of sociology, geography, political science and literary criticism."〔''Radical Philosophy'' obituary, 1991.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Henri Lefebvre」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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